Brazil is South America's giant — half the continent — and its energy is unmatched: Rio's beaches and mountains, the Amazon's immensity, Iguaçu Falls' thunder, Salvador's Afro-Brazilian culture, and a music-and-food culture that turns every evening into an event.
Rio de Janeiro is the essential first stop: Christ the Redeemer, Sugarloaf, and the Ipanema-Copacabana beach culture. From there, the classic additions are Iguaçu Falls (2 days), the colonial town of Paraty or Búzios' beaches (2–3 days), and — with more time — the Amazon or Salvador.
Brazil is big: Rio to the Amazon is a 4-hour flight. Portuguese (not Spanish) is the language, and English is less widespread than in neighboring countries — hotel and restaurant staff manage, but a translation app helps.
Brazil suits beach lovers, music and nightlife seekers, nature travelers (Amazon, Pantanal), and anyone chasing Carnival (February/March) or New Year's Eve on Copacabana — two of the world's great parties.